Analysis of Factors Affecting the Improvement of Teaching and Learning Quality from the Perspective of Primary School Teachers

The present study aimed to analyze the factors affecting the improvement of teaching and learning quality from the perspective of primary school teachers in Ardabil County. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of methodology. The statistical population included all primary school teachers in Ardabil County (N = 850). Based on Krejcie and Morgan's table, 265 teachers were selected as the sample using stratified random sampling. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire developed based on the research literature, encompassing five main components: teachers' professional competence, teaching methods, learning environment, classroom management, and professional development programs. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through content and construct validity, and its reliability was established using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.87). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency distribution tables) and inferential statistics (one-sample t-test, analysis of variance, and multiple regression). The findings revealed that from the teachers' perspective, the five aforementioned factors significantly influence the quality of education and learning, with teachers' professional competence and active teaching methods exerting the greatest impact. Moreover, no significant differences were observed between demographic variables (gender, teaching experience, and academic degree) and the teachers' perceptions. The conclusion underscores the necessity of investing in teachers' professional development, improving learning environments, and revising teaching methods to enhance the quality of education in primary schools.